Cost baseBuffered cost plus overheadThe buffered cost base combines delivery cost, scope buffer, and monthly overhead allocation before applying the target margin.
Scope bufferProtects against expansionA scope buffer gives room for calls, reporting, revisions, coordination, and unplanned client requests that can erode margin.
Value pricingCost-plus floorThe suggested retainer is a cost-plus floor. Priority access, business impact, speed, risk, and scarcity can justify pricing above it.
Next decisionProfitability, margin, terms, or cash flowAfter pricing the retainer, check client profitability, agency margin, profit margin, payment terms, and small-business cash flow before sending the quote.